经济学原理

经济学十大原理

个人如何制定决策

1. People face trade-offs：选择是可微分的
2. The cost of something is what you give up to get it：成本计算应当遍历所有选项
3. Rational people think at the margin：平衡各种选项时计算的是决策边界上的偏微分
4. People respond to incentives：不仅要注意直接反应，还要注意间接反应

人们如何相互作用

1. Trade can make everyone better off：贸易是正和博弈
2. Markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity：市场具有自组织性，自私的个体能够自发达成整体的正和博弈（看不见的手）
3. Governments can sometimes improve market outcomes：作为强制力，在特殊情况下作为看门狗处理异常状况，或者处理某些零和甚至负和博弈

经济整体如何运行

1. A country’s standard of livinig depends on its ability to produce goods and services：生活水平变化归因，整体优化目标
2. Prices rise when the government prints too much money：货币金融学
3. Society faces a short-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment